The infrastructure law included $600 million to boost salaries for the nearly 11,200 wildland firefighters for two years, giving the Interior Department or Forest Service employees a raise of either $20,000 each or 50% of their base salary.
Federal wildland firefighters earn as little as $15 per hour, with entry level positions earning just less than $27,000 per year, Grassroots Wildland Firefighters, an advocacy group. Those rates are well below those of some state employees in similar roles.
The problem is Congress provided the higher pay rate would expire with the rest of government spending, which is set for Dec. 20.
Lawmakers are likely to once again pass a continuing resolution prior to that deadline to keep the government open at current spending levels into the new year.
But because the firefighter pay boost was part of the infrastructure law instead of a yearly spending bill, it would require additional legislation to keep being paid out beyond Dec. 20.
Firefighters, their advocates and some members of Congress are now pushing to have the pay raise made permanent, as lawmakers enter the final days of this session of Congress.
Disaster bill
President Joe Biden asked for a disaster relief spending bill after hurricanes Helene and Milton to include $24 billion for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Biden the bill 鈥� which is expected to be attached to the continuing resolution 鈥� to include 鈥渟tatutory language to support permanent, comprehensive pay reform for Federal wildland firefighters.鈥�
The disaster aid bill appears the best chance of addressing the issue this year.
And appropriators are looking at fixing the issue in their annual funding bills, even as work on those bills is likely to be paused as Congress instead looks to pass a stopgap measure past Dec. 20 to keep the government funded for the next few months.
A House proposal included in Republicans鈥� spending bill covering the Interior Department, the Environmental Protection Agency and other agencies would direct $330 million for a pay increase to replace the expiring infrastructure law salary increase. It would be a permanent pay fix.
Setting a baseline in an annual spending bill would help keep the salaries consistent and avoid the uncertainty that comes with the expiration of the one-time infrastructure law funding, supporters say.
鈥淩ather than continuing temporary and uncertain Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) supplemental payments, the funding in this bill will permanently address Federal wildland firefighter pay and capacity,鈥� the funding bill鈥檚 chief sponsor, Idaho Republican Mike Simpson, and Oregon Republican Lori Chavez-DeRemer wrote in an August in the Idaho Statesman.
Simpson is the chair of the subcommittee responsible for writing the bill. Chavez-DeRemer, who represents a purple district in Central Oregon, lost her reelection bid this fall but won a nomination to join President-elect Donald Trump鈥檚 Cabinet as secretary of Labor.
The Musk-Ramaswamy cost-cutting drive
The effort comes amid an atmosphere favorable to funding cuts in Washington. Republicans, who will soon have unified control of Washington as Trump returns to the Oval Office, have blamed the inflation of the past four years on high government spending.
Trump has tasked entrepreneurs Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy with looking at ways to reduce federal spending. The pair of wealthy Trump backers has estimated $2 trillion could be trimmed from the $6.75 trillion annual budget, though they have been vague about what exactly would be chopped.
The Musk-Ramaswamy organization, which has not been formally created but is dubbed the Department of Government Efficiency, or DOGE, is not expected to be an official government entity. A Trump spokeswoman did not return a message seeking comment about whether wildland firefighter pay would be a target for funding cuts.
Finding the political will to increase spending for any purpose in such an environment could be challenging, though increasing the pay of wildland firefighters 鈥� who work to manage the increasingly severe and costly fires that particularly ravage the rural areas known as the wildland-urban interface 鈥� has support from across the political spectrum in Congress, including leading GOP members.
The House funding bill authored by Simpson that included the pay raise passed the House nearly along party lines.
In a video message to constituents this month, Simpson sounded broadly supportive of Musk and Ramaswamy鈥檚 mission, but indicated there were areas he would fight to avoid cuts. He did not explicitly mention firefighter pay.
鈥淚t will be an interesting debate,鈥� Simpson said of the effort to identify funding cuts. 鈥淚 don鈥檛 mind having outside eyes look at how Congress does their job and how the money is spent. It could be spent more efficiently and more effectively, thus saving the taxpayer money.鈥�
He added he was 鈥渆xcited鈥� to see recommendations from the pair.
鈥淭here will be some I suspect I disagree with and a lot of them I probably agree with,鈥� he said. 鈥淪o that will be a debate for Congress.鈥�
Senate bill
The Senate, which generally requires a much more bipartisan approach than the House, has not passed the Simpson-authored bill that Democrats opposed because of its drastic cuts to the Interior Department and EPA.
But the Senate companion spending bill, sponsored by Oregon Democrat Jeff Merkley, who chairs the corresponding spending panel in the Senate, also includes a permanent raise for wildland firefighters, as well as funding for a firefighter health and wellness program and a fund for housing.
鈥淭his bill honors the courageous work our federal wildland firefighters do by establishing a permanent fix to prevent a devastating pay cut,鈥� Senate Appropriations Chair Patty Murray, a Washington Democrat, said in a statement after the committee passed the bill 28-1 in July.