Excessive drinking during the covid-19 pandemic increased alcoholic liver disease deaths so much that the condition killed more Californians than or , a California Healthline analysis has found.
Lockdowns made people feel isolated, depressed, and anxious, leading some to increase their alcohol intake. Alcohol sales rose during the pandemic, with especially .
While this led to a rise in all sorts of , the number of Californians dying from alcoholic liver disease spiked dramatically, with 14,209 deaths , according to provisional data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Alcoholic liver disease is the of alcohol-induced deaths nationally. In California, the death rate from the disease during the last three years was 25% higher than in the . The rate peaked at 13.2 deaths per 100,000 residents in 2021, nearly double the rate from two decades ago.
The disease is usually caused by years of excessive drinking, though it can sometimes occur after a short period of heavy alcohol abuse. There are often no symptoms until late in the disease, when weakness, confusion, and jaundice can occur.
Many who increased their drinking during the pandemic were already on the verge of , said , a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard Medical School. The extra alcohol sped up the process, killing them earlier than they would have otherwise died, said Julien, who during the pandemic that predicted many of the trends that occurred.
Even before the pandemic, lifestyle and dietary changes were contributing to more deaths from alcoholic liver disease, despite little change in alcohol sales, said , a hepatologist and liver transplant specialist with Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California.
a connection between alcoholic liver disease and metabolic syndrome, a condition often characterized by excess body fat around the waist. Metabolic syndrome 鈥� often caused by poor diet and an inactive lifestyle 鈥� has risen across the country.
鈥淗aving metabolic syndrome, which is associated with obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes, more than doubles your risk of having advanced liver disease at the same level of drinking,鈥� Lee said.
The Californians alcoholic liver disease are those between 55 and 74 years old. They make up about a quarter of the state鈥檚 adults but more than half of the deaths from alcoholic liver disease.
However, death rates among Californians 25 to 44 roughly doubled during the last decade. About 2,650 Californians in that age group died from the disease during the last three years, compared with 1,270 deaths from 2010 through 2012.
鈥淧eople are drinking at earlier levels,鈥� Lee said. 鈥淧eople are developing obesity at younger ages.鈥�
Humboldt, other NorCal rates are highest
The from alcoholic liver disease occur in rural eastern and Northern California. In Humboldt County, for instance, the death rate from alcoholic liver disease is more than double the statewide rate.
Jeremy Campbell, executive director of in Eureka, said Humboldt County and other rural areas often don鈥檛 have the resources and facilities to address high rates of alcohol use disorder. His facility provides high-intensity residential services and uses medication to get people through detox.
鈥淭he two other inpatient treatment facilities in Eureka are also at capacity,鈥� he said. 鈥淭his is just a situation that there鈥檚 just not enough treatment.鈥�
Campbell also pointed to the demographics of Humboldt County, which has a of white and Native American residents than the rest of the state. Alcoholic liver disease death rates in California among Native American and white residents.
Death rates rose more among Native American, Latino, Asian, and Black Californians during the last decade than among non-Latino white Californians, CDC data shows. Part of that is due to disparities in insurance coverage and access to care, said Lee. In addition, Lee said, rates of metabolic syndrome have increased more quickly among nonwhites than among whites. Racial health disparities also manifest in differing survival rates for Black and white patients after liver transplants, he added.
The trend is expected to continue. Julien projects a temporary dip in deaths because many people who would have died from the disease in 2022 or 2023 instead died sooner, after a boost in drinking during the pandemic, but that deaths will rise later as bad habits developed during the pandemic begin to take a long-term toll.
鈥淎s people increased their consumption during covid-19, we have more folks who have now initiated alcohol use disorder,鈥� Julien said.
Phillip Reese is a data reporting specialist and an assistant professor of journalism at California State University-Sacramento.
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