California’s fishing industry is bracing for another bad year as federal managers Monday announced plans to heavily restrict or prohibit salmon fishing again, after .
The Pacific Fishery Management Council today released that are under consideration, all of which either ban commercial and recreational salmon fishing in the ocean off California or shorten the season and set strict catch limits. The council’s decision is expected next month; the commercial season .
While more Chinook salmon returned from the ocean to spawn last year than in 2022, fishery managers said the population is expected to be so small that they must be protected this year to avoid overfishing.
Fall-run Chinook salmon are a mainstay of commercial and recreational fishing and tribal food supplies. But their populations are — dams have blocked vital habitat, while droughts and water diversions have driven down flows and increased temperatures, killing large numbers of salmon eggs and young fish.
The plan is a devastating blow for an industry still reeling from last year’s closure. State officials estimate that last year’s — which the fishing industry says vastly underestimates the true toll.
“There’s no way to sugarcoat it, as it’s simply catastrophic,” said Scott Artis, executive director of the , which represents the commercial and recreational fishing industry, other businesses, restaurants and environmentalists.
“The fishing industry and many thousands of salmon families and businesses eagerly waiting to get back to work are potentially facing another year in the harbor instead of putting food on the table.”
The options are likely to evolve as the Pacific Fishery Management Council continues to analyze them over the next month. Two call for significantly shortened seasons and harvest limits for both commercial and sportfishing off California this year. The third would cancel the season for the second year in a row.
“In response to poor river and ocean conditions, California stocks are forecast to have 2024 abundance levels that are well below average,” , the California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s appointee to the Pacific council, said today. “The options that have been developed that do authorize some fishing are very precautionary.”
Harvest limits and other restrictions on the number of fish caught per trip are new concepts for managing ocean salmon fisheries, Yaremko said.
“Even the best option that they give us there is crumbs compared to a regular salmon season,” said Jared Davis, captain of the Salty Lady, a charter fishing boat.
Still, of all the options, he said, he’d prefer complete closure. The shortened seasons don’t offer enough days to sustain his business and the potential repercussions aren’t worth it.
“I think fishing on low abundance such as we have this year is reckless and irresponsible,” he said. “It’s really playing with fire for us to take any fish out of there.”
, who owns a commercial fishing boat berthed at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco, called the decision “tragic.”
“We’re looking at numbers of fish that don’t even make it worthwhile to untie the boat,” she said. “It’s not enough fish to pay for the maintenance and preparation.”
A financial nightmare — some may never fish again
RJ Waldron, 48, put his sportsfishing boat, the Sundance, up for sale in January. When the salmon season closed last year, an estimated 85% of his business dried up. Few clients took him up on his offer to switch to halibut, striped bass or rockfish.
Buying the boat eight years ago to run a charter fishing business out of the East Bay had been a dream come true for Waldron, a long-time fishing and hunting guide.
“Basically this last year, I’ve just been blowing through my cash, blowing through the savings, just trying to stay afloat,” Waldron said. “I put everything I had into this fishing business, into the salmon. And it’s totally out of my control. I can’t resurrect it.”
“We’re looking at numbers of fish that don’t even make it worthwhile to untie the boat. It’s not enough fish to pay for the maintenance and preparation.”SARAH BATES, COMMERCIAL FISHER IN SAN FRANCISCO
California’s commercial fleet and recreational anglers still await federal disaster aid for last year’s losses. The federal government allocated only , and a year later, none of the salmon fishers CalMatters interviewed has received a check.
Waldron called the lack of disaster aid a “big slap in the face.”
Davis said he tried to weather the storm by arranging trips for halibut, striped bass, rockfish and lingcod. Still, he estimates that his business was down 80% from a normal year.
Seeing the season restricted this year “breaks my heart,” he said. “It’s what I love, and it’s a passion. It’s something I’ve been doing my whole life, and I know that there’s a lot of others in the industry that it’s the same for.”
Salmon fishers fear the closure will drive yet more boats permanently from the fleet — already down to in 2022 from . Recreational salmon fishing trips plummeted from nearly last year.
Bates estimates that about half of the fleet took shore jobs. And some, she said, probably won’t return.
“Some people, I’m sure, will not go fishing again,” she said. “They got a job that will hold them through and their momentum will shift, and I’m sure we’re going to lose members of our fleet.”
To make ends meet last year, Bates picked up bookkeeping work. But she doesn’t know yet what she’ll do this year. Bates’ boat is called the Bounty, a cruel irony now. Still, she said the boat has seen bad seasons before — and it’s bad luck to change a boat’s name, she said.
Tommy “TF” Graham also will keep working on land. A commercial fisherman based in Bodega Bay, he got a Class A driver’s license so he could drive a truck and stay afloat through the closures. Now, when he’s not crab fishing, Graham wakes up at 3 a.m. to drive frozen and farmed salmon and other fish from around the world into San Francisco.
“A guy has got to get up and put his boots on and go to work every day,” Graham said. Still, he said, “I used to be a provider, now I’m a consumer. It feels like shit, to tell you the truth.”
Drought and water diversions kill salmon
Today’s decision follows for , which make up the greatest proportion of California and Oregon ocean salmon fisheries. Their numbers are down from an average of more than 200,000 fish that returned to spawn in the mid-2000s. And those numbers are a fraction of between one and two million fall and spring-run salmon returning to the Central Valley every year.
Last year, fewer than the Sacramento River. That’s more than double the fish that returned in 2022, which was . But it barely cleared the federal government’s minimum conservation target of 122,000 fish, and falls 19% short of the number that had been projected to return — despite the cancellation of all salmon fishing.
Now, scientists estimate that 213,606 Sacramento River fall-run salmon are swimming off the coast. It’s more than last year — more even than the upper limit of the fishery’s conservation target. But it is still the second lowest projection in a decade, . “Caution is warranted to reduce the chances that the stock becomes overfished again.”
Federal officials on the Sacramento River during California’s drought in 2021, when the fish were spawned.
But the salmon industry also points to state and federal management of the Sacramento River and operations of the vast Central Valley Project, which funnels water south from Northern California’s rivers to irrigate .
In 2021, almost all of the endangered winter-run Chinook eggs in the Sacramento River were wiped out, . The Pacific Fishery Management Council told state and federal water managers in 2022 that also could harm eggs of spring-run and fall-run Chinook salmon. Expressing their “grave concerns,” they said “a major factor” was the “high river temperatures that were under (the U.S. Bureau of) Reclamation’s control.”
The from conservationists and the fishing industry for actions that could jeopardize salmon, including and backing a controversial pact with .
“It’s really hard for me to swallow that we export all this water and have little to no regulation on the farming,” Waldron said. “We're taking away from a resource to give to another resource. And I don't understand how we can let that happen, especially (since) the salmon are a natural resource.”
The Newsom administration in January aimed at protecting and restoring salmon “amidst hotter and drier weather exacerbated by climate change.”
'Perpetual situation' for the Yurok Tribe
The Yurok Tribe in far Northern California is expecting restrictions this year as well, based on Pacific Fishery Management Council’s Klamath Tribal allocation of .
“A commercial fishery is completely out of the question,” Barry McCovey Jr., who directs the for the Yurok, the largest tribe in California with a reservation spanning .
“What we’re looking at now — that’s not enough for one fish for every tribal member. It’s less than that. And a typical family could maybe use 30 or 40, or maybe even 50 fish a year.”
Collapsing salmon populations on the Klamath have forced the Yurok Tribe to cancel its commercial fishery every year since 2015 but one. Last year the tribe also closed down subsistence fishing and served no Klamath River salmon at its annual salmon festival.
“We’re salmon people. That’s who we are,” McCovey said. “To have that opportunity not be there was very, very devastating on so many levels. It’s not just about food. It’s about culture.
“This has been going on for a long time,” he added. “It’s starting to be a perpetual situation that we’re in here.”
He said salmon are on life support, although more returned last year than since 2018, which McCovey said might be due to the canceled fisheries. He hopes that the salmon will eventually recover with the demolition of hydroelectric dams and the tribe’s restoration efforts.
“Eventually, this is going to end. We’re going to come out of this. We’re too hard-headed to give up,” he said.
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