State Treasurer Tobias Read unveiled a on Tuesday to reduce the overall emissions of investments in the Public Employees Retirement System, or PERS, by 60% by 2035 and to get the portfolio to 鈥渘et-zero鈥� emissions by 2050. This does not mean fully divesting the fund of its fossil fuel holdings, but striking a balance between investments in heavy carbon-emitting industries with industries that are cutting or absorbing emissions or are committing to doing so by 2035, Read told the Oregon Investment Council, which picks PERS investments.
The state developed the plan in partnership with global consultancy McKinsey and Company at a cost of $1.9 million. It includes a tripling of investments in 鈥渃limate positive鈥� activities, in enterprises that have their own plans to get to net-zero emissions and the creation of a net-zero advisory committee, to be appointed this spring. The committee would meet with Treasury officials to provide feedback progress at least twice a year.
The investment council will weigh in on the proposal before it goes to lawmakers to decide over several sessions whether to provide the resources necessary to implement it.
Read projects an implementation period of four years, beginning in 2024, and that by 2028, there would be shifts away from fossil fuel investments and into more 鈥渃limate positive鈥� investments.
Environmentalists have called for years to dump fossil fuel holdings from PERS, but Read was reluctant to take big steps to move the plan toward climate friendly investments out of concern about returns. About 75% of all benefits paid out to PERS retirees are made possible by the earnings on Treasury investments, according to the agency. More than 160,000 PERS retirees currently receive an average of $34,000 per year from the fund.
But, Read told the council, the greater risk now is continuing to grow investments in coal, oil and gas utilities and climate-change affected sectors, which have become less predictable and are likely to decline in value as the world rapidly shifts to a renewable energy economy.
Some members of the council expressed concern that the plan relies too heavily on companies, governments and private equity funds meeting the emissions reduction plans they鈥檝e trumpeted but largely missed.
鈥淎 lot of this plan is incumbent upon those companies in which we are invested having net zero trajectories themselves, and plans and also achieving them,鈥� Cara Samples, chair of the council, said at the meeting. 鈥淲e also know that most countries and companies are not actually on track to achieve their plans.鈥�
Read acknowledged the plan鈥檚 reliance on industries reaching their emissions goals but said the agency has to start making big moves toward carbon neutrality now.
鈥淚t (the plan) will have to adjust as policies change, as technologies emerge, as the world changes,鈥� he said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 incumbent upon future treasurers and councils to adjust to that reality as well. But I believe it is far better for us to get started on this path and to have the work underway so that we鈥檙e not letting others further define the options that are available to us.鈥�
End of some private equity funds
The plan would end new investments in private equity funds that intend to put money primarily into fossil fuels, and triple from $2 billion to $6 billion 鈥渃limate positive鈥� investments in private equity and real assets. Private equity firms, which are non-publicly traded companies, and real assets, such as investments in infrastructure, commodities and natural resources, make up about half of the PERS portfolio. The single largest portion of emission-related investments in the state pension鈥檚 portfolio 鈥� nearly 10% 鈥� comes from investments in fracked gas and oil, according to the report, which are considered real assets.
The other half of the portfolio is largely investments in publicly traded companies. The plan would ensure at least 40% of those investments are held in enterprises that reduce greenhouse emissions or have plans to transition towards net-zero emissions by 2035.
The plan鈥檚 focus is on reducing investments linked to emissions emanating from a company鈥檚 business, as opposed to indirect emissions from the end use of a product, commodity or the supply chain.
That drew the criticism of Jenifer Schramm, a leader of the nonprofit Divest Oregon, a coalition of 100 such groups that have advocated the treasury move away from investing in fossil fuels for years.
鈥淭his is like measuring cancer risk from cigarettes by measuring the cancer risk from growing tobacco and operating cigarette factories, while totally ignoring the cancer risk caused by actually smoking the cigarettes produced by those investments,鈥� she wrote in testimony submitted to the council Tuesday.
McKinsey employees who contributed to the proposal said calculating indirect emissions and factoring them into net-zero decisions would require more resources in the future.
Beyond shifting direct investments in PERS away from heavy emitting industries, the plan would mandate that the Treasury work only with investment managers who are committed to reducing the fund鈥檚 exposure to climate change risks; increase data, reporting staff and capacity at the Treasury to more thoroughly understand and track greenhouse gas emissions associated with the fund鈥檚 investments; and it would establish the creation of a Net Zero Beneficiary Advisory Committee. That committee would begin meeting with Treasury officials as soon as this summer and offer feedback on the fund鈥檚 progress towards net-zero investments.
鈥淚 believe it鈥檚 my responsibility to move this effort forward, use this next year productively, and provide a solid blueprint for my successor,鈥� Read wrote in the plan. His eight-year term as treasurer officially ends in January 2025, and he is currently running for the Democratic nomination for secretary of state.
First step of many
Environmentalists for years have called on Read to rid the public retirement fund鈥檚 portfolio of fossil fuel investments not only to combat climate change but also as a matter of fiduciary responsibility given the risks associated with fossil fuel companies under a rapidly changing energy economy.
鈥淭he success of this decarbonization effort requires Treasury鈥檚 commitment to transparent reporting, a sense of urgency and responsive policymaking as the effects of climate change on investment portfolios are increasingly understood,鈥� said Andrew Bogrand, communications director for Divest Oregon.
鈥淭his is just the beginning,鈥� he said.
Between 2019 and 2021, the Treasury doubled investments in renewable energy from nearly $370 million to $717 million, but these still represent less than 1% of the fund鈥檚 overall investments. Though it鈥檚 reduced investments in fossil fuels by about $100 million in that same time, they represent a far greater share of the overall PERS portfolio. More than $3.5 billion is invested in fossil fuels, making about 3.7% of the total fund.
Divest Oregon is behind a lawmakers will consider during the current legislative session, which would move state investments away from fossil fuels by targeting coal. The Clean Oregon Assets Legislation, or COAL Act, is sponsored by Rep. Khanh Pham, D-Portland; Sen. Jeff Golden, D-Ashland; and Rep. Mark Gamba, D-Milwaukie. It would direct the Treasury to divest the state retirement system of its holdings in companies that mine and burn coal. Divest Oregon has identified about $1 billion of the fund鈥檚 investments in the coal industry.
In the end, Read said such divestment, along with getting the state鈥檚 pension fund to net-zero, will depend on future treasurers.
鈥淲hen we get to 2050, 26 years from now, whatever our best intentions are, even if we all completely agree on this and we鈥檙e 100% certain about this plan, it is not going to be what actually transpires. But this plan gives us a chance to be on offense to take control of the things that we can control,鈥� he said.