老夫子传媒

This week, lawmakers are formally introducing a bill that would make Oregon the second state after California to adopt an economy-wide cap-and-trade system to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.

The bill has support from Gov. Kate Brown and the statehouse's other top Democrats, but even its champions are treading carefully to protect the state鈥檚 economy as they aim to address climate change.

Oregon has been inching toward this major environmental policy shift for years, as it has become increasingly clear that for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

builds on an earlier version of cap-and-trade legislation known as the that lawmakers considered but failed to pass during the last session.

House Speaker Tina Kotek, D-Portland, and Senate President Peter Courtney, D-Salem, revived the controversial bill by creating a that has been working on the new version since last summer.

Now, both leaders and the governor say they鈥檙e committed to getting the bill passed this session.

Oregon鈥檚 cap on carbon emissions would directly apply to  鈥� including fuel suppliers, utilities and manufacturers.

But opponents say its indirect effects would be much broader. A new group called the Partnership for Oregon Communities, made up of , has taken a vocal role in opposing the new bill.

Their website features warning that cap and trade will drive up prices for fuel and electricity.

Jenny Dresler with the Oregon Farm Bureau said her group estimates the program could drive up fuel costs for farmers between $1,000 and $3,000 a year initially.

"Farmers are price takers, which means they typically can鈥檛 increase the price of the goods they produce in order to account for increased input costs," she said. "What this bill asks them to do is to absorb those costs. This would be one of those add-ons that some families just can鈥檛 afford."

Supporters of the bill with the environmental group prefer the term "cap and invest" over "cap and trade." They focus on the costs of climate change 鈥� such as more destructive wildfires and drought 鈥� and the investments the state can make with the income from selling carbon pollution permits. They have featuring a farmer who supports cap and trade.

鈥淭his can鈥檛 be a one-sided conversation about the costs of action without talking about the costs of inaction," said Jana Gastellum with the Oregon Environmental Council. 鈥淭he urgency of climate change couldn鈥檛 be more apparent. I have moments of real worry that we may be slipping beyond the point of no return where it鈥檚 too late to avoid the worst impacts.鈥�

How The Program Would Work

Under the new bill, Oregon would and require companies that emit 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent 鈥� roughly the amount of carbon released from  鈥� to buy pollution permits, also called allowances.

The state would reduce the cap on emissions and the number of allowances over time with the goal of cutting the state鈥檚 emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels by mid-century.

Companies would be able to trade pollution permits and buy credits to offset some of their emissions. Farm and forestland owners would be able to sell credits through projects that sequester carbon.

The market created by Oregon's program would be designed to link up with the existing carbon market in the so that Oregon companies could trade pollution credits with companies in California and Canadian provinces.

The state will auction pollution permits, and the bill directs that money toward investments that will help Oregon adapt to climate change and transition to a low-carbon economy.

The investment portion of the bill covers things like home solar panels and weatherization, wildfire prevention and drought protection as well as job training and assistance for dislocated workers. It also prioritizes investments in low-income, tribal and rural communities.

Balancing Risks And Benefits

Reyna Lopez, who represents farmworkers and tree planters in the Northwest with the group Pi帽eros y Campesinos Unidos de Noroeste, or , says her members are already and unhealthy air quality because of climate change.

"I think many people are thinking of climate change as something that hasn鈥檛 gotten here yet," she said. "But front line communities like farm workers are experiencing it today.鈥�

She says her members could benefit from the investments in job training and renewable energy.

鈥淚 want to see those investments come to Woodburn," she said. "I want to see our young people get trained to become part of the green economy of the future. This could change the whole trajectory of their lives.鈥�

Sandra McDonough, president and CEO of , which has about 1,600 members, said the state runs the risk of losing jobs if the added costs of cap and trade drive manufacturers out of Oregon.

鈥淲e鈥檝e been lucky here in this state," she said. "We鈥檝e maintained a fairly strong manufacturing presence, and a lot of our manufacturers are in global markets. We鈥檙e going to be looking at how the bill impacts them so at the end of the day we can hold onto some of these really great jobs, a lot of which are in rural communities around Oregon."

The current bill offers free pollution permits to companies that compete globally and that might choose to leave Oregon rather than pay for pollution permits. About 30 of all the regulated companies 鈥� including sawmills, paper mills and a variety of other manufacturers 鈥� would fall in this category and receive 100 percent free permits in 2021, the first year of the program.

After that, the number of free permits for these "energy-intensive, trade-exposed" companies would go down. The bill also offers free permits for natural gas utilities to assist low-income customers with higher bills and for electric utilities that are already reducing carbon emissions to comply with the state's and requirements to .

McDonough said those adjustments will help, but it doesn鈥檛 eliminate her concerns about cap and trade driving up energy prices for Oregon businesses.

鈥淲e鈥檙e not saying don鈥檛 do it," she said. "We鈥檙e saying let鈥檚 make sure we understand the total cost. This is a really big deal. Only one state has done this.鈥�

Bill Still Needs Work

Environmentalists say the current bill is a good start but it offers too many free permits that the state can鈥檛 afford given the urgency of climate change.

Sen. Michael Dembrow, D-Portland, helped write the bill, and he says he knows the stakes are high 鈥� for both the environment and the economy.

鈥淭his is a serious program we鈥檙e talking about," he said. "This is a program that would be economy-wide. We would be capping emissions in the transportation area, manufacturing, electricity, home heating, and we need to do it right.鈥�

Environmentalists strongly support the bill's interim target of reducing carbon emissions to 45 percent below 1990 levels by 2035, but leaders and allowing a more gradual decline in emissions through 2050.

At an event last month, Dembrow said lawmakers will need to consider the results of an before making a decision on that target.

The bill was met with consternation from Republicans when Dembrow last week.

Sen. Cliff Bentz, R-Ontario, and Sen. Fred Girod, R-Stayton, even voted not to let the legislation into committee because of how it was drafted.

鈥淚 participated aggressively in trying to put this bill together," Bentz said, "and the balance of the bill is not what we worked on.鈥�

Bentz has noted that Oregon alone isn鈥檛 going to solve the problem of global climate change by reducing its emissions. In order to make a real difference, he says, Oregon needs to design a cap and trade program that other governments want to follow.

"This means that we have to take the time to get this bill right," he said. "What we鈥檙e concerned about is not damaging Oregon while we go about our business of addressing this important issue."

Dembrow assured fellow lawmakers on Friday that the draft of the bill being introduced this week will get a lot of input and fine-tuning before it comes up for a vote.

"It will be modified by a number of amendments," he told them. "I look forward to your input ... and everyone around this state in order to make this a better bill that achieves our goal of addressing this crisis that we're facing with our climate while doing good things for the economy of Oregon and for people."

Copyright 2020 EarthFix. To see more, visit .

Bradley W. Parks

/

Dirk VanderHart

/

Bradley W. Parks

/